A Quick Recap:
Solvent = the liquid that does the dissolving
Solute = the substance which dissolves
Solution = is prepared by dissolving a solute in a solvent.
- When a solution is diluted more solvent is added to it.
- The moles of solute is always constant (the only difference is that there is more solvent in the less concentrated solution)
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| The total number of solutes in the solution remains the same after dilution, but the volume of the solution becomes greater. |
Thus we have the equation:
Moles of solute before = Moles of solute after
M1V1 = M2V2
Lets try an example:
Concentrated HNO3 is 15.4 mole/L. How would you prepare 2.50 L of 0.375 M HNO3?
M1V1 = M2V2
15.4 mole/L x V1 = 0.375 M x 2.50 L
→ Re organize the equation
V1 = 0.375 M x 2.50 L
15.4 M
V1 = 0.0609 L
V1 = 60.9 mL
*Remember Sig Figs
To calculate how much water we need in order to dilute the solution we take our known volume (V2) and subtract it from V1.
2.50 L – 0.0609 L = 2.44L
So, you would need to add 2.44 L of water to make the equation true.
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By Candace
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